For MLA (as well as Chicago style), the same verbs can also be used in the present tense instead of the past tense, as the second section below shows. introductory phrase Used to introduce the rest of the sentence. Where does a signal phrase appear Before a quotation, paraphrase, or summary, a signal phrase or lead-in phrase is used that contains citation information, such as the author's name, the source's title, and the year the source was published. authors in the field, even though it may have been new to you. A signal phrase is used to attribute quoted, paraphrased, or summarized material to a source, as in 'she said' or 'he claimed' Signal phrase Signal phrases let the reader know who the author is and, if need be, something about their credentials. A signal phrase may appear in all of the following locations except in parentheses after a sentence.The correct option is (C). The examples in the first section are adapted to APA, which recommends past-tense verbs in signal phrases. You need to signal the reader that a quote is about to be used, and you need to. ![]() In the examples below, the author being cited is Jane Doe. Format Signal phrase with author name (year published), 'quote' or paraphrase (page number). If your paper relies heavily on the work of one or more sources, a signal phrase introducing the source is recommended. However, a few select signal phrases contain no verbs (e.g., "According to ,"). A signal phrase lets your reader know that you are paraphrasing or quoting an idea from someone else's work. Often, signal phrases can be distinguished by the presence of a verb like "indicate" or "argue" that references what the author is doing in the original source. These expressions, which usually occur in the parts of sentences that come just before quotes and paraphrases, are called signal phrases (or, in some cases, lead-in phrases). ![]() It is relatively simple to use a wide variety of different expressions to introduce both direct and indirect citations. In most citation styles, including APA, MLA, and Chicago style, you can add variety to your research writing by not always using the same sentence structure to introduce quotations, paraphrases, or pieces of information borrowed from different sources. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. ![]() This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Writing Letters of Recommendation for StudentsĬopyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. In using source material within your essay, both summaries and paraphrasing require that you put the source information in your own words.
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